| Computed Tomography Contrast Media Extravasation in the Upper Extremity: Clinical Features and Treatment Strategies |
|
Hyo In Kim, Nae Ho Lee, Si Gyun Roh, Kyung Moo Yang |
|
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. leenaeho@jbnu.ac.kr |
|
Received: 12 November 2012 • Revised: 10 January 2013 • Accepted: 28 January 2013 |
| Abstract |
Purpose
Incidence of radiographic contrast media extravasation has increased owing to the escalating availability of contrast enhanced imaging. Potential complications of extravasation include localized swelling, itching sensation, hypesthesia, erythema, limitation of finger movement, compartment syndrome, skin sloughing, and necrosis. We describe clinical characteristics and treatment of computed tomography contrast media extravasation.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed on 26 consulted patients experiencing contrast extravasation, between January 2005 and December 2011. Age, signs, symptoms, types of contrast administered, volume of extravasation, treatment and patient outcomes were documented and evaluated, retrospectively.
Results
Extravasation of less than 100 mL occurred in 85%. Immediate surgical therapy was necessary in 23% of cases. There were no postoperative complications and it rendered excellent cosmetic outcomes. In 77% of cases, conservative management was recommended, such as elevation and immobilization of extremity, application of ice pack, and careful monitoring.
Conclusion
Prevention is the most important for extravasation injuries. Diagnosis and treatment must be made on the spot in order to avoid severe soft tissue damage. Hand surgeons' decision on the necessity of surgical treatment within 6 hours is important in the prognosis of patients. |
| |
|
PDF Links
Full text via DOI
Download Citation
